The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is commonly dysregulated in human cancer, due to mutation of dominantly acting oncogenes (PIK3CA, AKT isoforms, MTOR), inactivation of tumor suppressor genes (PTEN, TSC1, TSC2, PIK3R1), and amplification of growth-promoting oncogenes (18). This evidence concerns the gene PTEN and cancer.