Beclin1 protein deficiency has also been observed inkidney cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and cholangiocarcinoma.Hyperexpression of the gene encoding Bcl-2, which can form a complex withBeclin1 (Beclin1/Bcl-2) inhibiting autophagy, has been observed in variouslymphomas [49]. Here, BECN1 is linked to cholangiocarcinoma.