ARG1 and ischemic stroke: In contrast, anti-inflammatory microglia initiate the amelioration of brain injury after ischemic stroke by secreting key anti-inflammatory mediators such as arginase-1 (Arg-1), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and CD206 12.