In addition, necroptosis is mediated by receptor-interacting protein kinase-1 (RIP1), RIP3, and its substrate executioner protein mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL), resulting in the membrane permeabilization and the release of intracellular contents, especially immunogenic DAMPs, to elicit ICD of tumor cells 34, 35. Here, RIPK1 is linked to neoplasm.