While decreased IGF1 levels have been associated with longevity in numerous model organisms, as well as in humans, decreased IGF1 expression with age has also been correlated with increased risk of osteoporosis, muscle-wasting, and dementia (Obermayr et al., 2005; Perrini et al., 2010; Westwood et al., 2014). The gene discussed is IGF1; the disease is osteoporosis.