Mitochondrial biosynthesis is regulated by PGC-1α, which plays a significant role in the development of DKD by enhancing mitochondrial production, revitalizing mitochondrial membrane potential, eliminating ROS, and preventing oxidative stress (Cai et al. 2016; Lu et al. 2017; Pettersson-Klein et al. 2018; Xue et al. 2019). The gene discussed is PPARGC1A; the disease is diabetic kidney disease.