ARPIN and HIV-1 infection: Results showed only 3.7 ± 0.4% (N = 3 independent experiments) of Arpin binding to cell membranes in non-infected cells, while this binding increased significantly with HIV-1 infection, with up to 8.5 ± 1.5% (N = 3 independent experiments) of Arpin membrane binding (Fig. 7C).