INS and liver dysplastic nodule: This study further highlights PKCε is an upstream molecule that regulates the expression of (1) IRE1α, an ER stress–related molecule, (2) UBD, a regulator of misfolded protein degradation and (3) PI3Kp85, an insulin signaling molecule; all these molecules correlate with the levels of neuropathic pain in DN, as demonstrated by pharmacological inhibition of PKCε.