PIK3CA and diabetes mellitus: We found that several genes, including TP53, PIK3CA, MUC5AC, and CDH1, had higher mutation frequencies in tumors of patients with diabetes than patients without diabetes, with mutation frequencies for TP53, PIK3CA, MUC5AC, and CDH1 being 37%, 21%, 16%, and 11%, respectively, in patients with diabetes but 25%, 13%, 4%, and 4%, respectively, in patients without diabetes.