GSTM1 and anemia (phenotype): A previous cross-sectional study found that land surface temperature was inversely associated with mean Hb concentration in preschool-age children, a core biomarker of childhood anemia.8 However, another study conducted in four sub-Saharan African countries did not observe a significant association.23 We observed significant associations between warmer ambient temperatures and higher prevalence of childhood anemia in three sub-Saharan African regions (Eastern, Central, and Western Africa) wherein children in Central Africa suffered the highest temperature-related anemia risk.