Kotlarz D found that the TGF-β1 gene (c.328C/T, p.Arg110Cys) and (c.133C/T, p.Arg45Cys) is located in the sequence encoding the LAP structural domain.[61] Both loci are associated with immune dysregulation, which may lead to diseases such as arthritis, encephalopathy, inflammatory bowel disease, recurrent infections, and immunodeficiency. Here, TGFB1 is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.