Despite the clinical heterogeneity, the core features of intra-abdominal infection can be relatively common, including anatomical destruction and polymicrobial infection.[4] In 2018, according to the data of the Chinese Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance of Nosocomial Infections based on the Chinese Hospital Infection Surveillance System,[5] Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 70.8%, gram-positive bacteria accounted for 29.2%, and the most common bacteria were Escherichia coli (33.4%), KP (10.8%) and Enterococcus faecalis (10.7%). Here, NPPA is linked to infection.