tRF-Val, which is abundant in GC tissues, directly binds to eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1 (EEF1A1) protein to promote its translocation to the nucleus, improves interactions between EEF1A1 and MDM2 proteins, and promotes tumor protein 53 (p53) ubiquitination, all of which contribute to GC progression [58]. The gene discussed is TP53; the disease is gastric cancer.