As shown in Fig. 3A, serum FSTL3 level in patients with AMI was significantly higher than in those without AMI among patients with co-existent T2DM and NAFLD (7950.44 [6369.34 to 11,551.23] vs 6585.82 [5278.60 to 7933.12], p < 0.001) (Additional file 1: Table S4). Here, FSTL3 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.