Accumulating evidence suggests pathogenic roles of colorectal cancer-associated microbes, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum (now termed Fusobacterium animalis),17,118–129Peptostreptococcus anaerobius,130–134Campylobacter jejuni,135 polyketide synthase (pks) positive Escherichia coli,136 enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis,137–145Enterococcus faecalis,146–149Streptococcus gallolyticcus,150–152 and Clostridioides difficile. Here, ARAF is linked to colorectal cancer.