TGFB1 and acute leukemia: For example, in monocytes derived from acute leukemia (THP-1), Snail expression is a key regulator of macrophage polarization induced by TGF-β (43), where overexpression in vitro promotes an anti-inflammatory phenotype while silencing of Snail results in a pro-inflammatory macrophage phenotype characterized by increased expression of CD86 and pro-inflammatory cytokines.