In the chronically-injured brain, pro-inflammatory gene expression was elevated in the absence of SHIP-1, similar to what has been observed in microglia associated with Alzheimer’s disease (Lambert et al., 2013; Farfel et al., 2016; Jing et al., 2016; Yoshino et al., 2017). This evidence concerns the gene INPP5D and early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.