EFEMP1 and neoplasm: Tenascin-C (TN-C) is expressed almost exclusively in GBM ECM versus healthy brain ECM, promotes cell migration and angiogenesis, and mediates changes in ECM constituents.116,117 Fibronectin increases the adhesion, proliferation, and resistance of GSCs.118 Fibulin-3, a glycoprotein only found in cancerous brain tissue, promotes tumor progression through the Notch and NF-κB signaling pathways, enhancing the viability of tumor-initiating cells.119,120