Like glycolysis, glutaminolysis is upregulated in the TME, driving the TCA cycle and the production of antioxidants such as GSH.176 Xu et al. take advantage of this by encapsulating purpurin, the inhibitor of glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (GDH1), an essential enzyme in glutaminolysis, in a BSA NP (Fig. 6D).177 When combined with the H2O2-producing ferrocene, purpurin disrupts cell metabolism and inhibits cancer growth. Here, GLUD1 is linked to cancer.