Recent data from both Pax5+/- and ETV6-RUNX1+ mice show that the genetic predisposition is firmly associated with changes in the gut microbiome as the genetic predisposition in each case can be predicted just based on the murine gut microbiome composition, irrespective of whether the animals develop B-ALL or not (68). The gene discussed is RUNX1; the disease is precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.