In another clinical trial of EGFR-TKI combined with ICI therapy, the use of an EGFR-TKI afatinib inhibited CD8+ T cell proliferation and a time-related modulation of CD8+ T cell proliferation was found in NSCLC patients who received afatinib-targeted therapy for up to 48 weeks during treatment. This evidence concerns the gene EGFR and non-small cell lung carcinoma.