As mentioned before, this microRNA has exerted ameliorative effects on AH through inhibition of TGF-β, vascular remodeling in pulmonary arteries, ventricular hypertrophy, inhibition of PDGF-BB-induced PAMSCs proliferation, and also suppression on TGF-β1/smad2/3 signaling pathway (Table 4) (Zhu et al., 2020; Li P. et al., 2021). Here, SMAD2 is linked to cardiac hypertrophy.