EIF2A and infection: Infection with cp BVDV was found to induce the activation of dsRNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) that phosphorylated alpha subunit of the translational initiation factor (eIF2α), leading to translation inhibition while ncp BVDV did not induce PKR activity and eIF2α phosphorylation, aiming to establish a persistent infection (Gil et al., 2006b).