CTLA4 and melanoma: Specifically, the discovery of antibodies directed to immune checkpoint molecules such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated-protein 4 (CTLA-4), and, more recently, lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3), have drastically prolonged survival in melanoma (Uhara, 2019; Huuhtanen et al., 2023).