Wu et al. (2021) introduced a single-cell method known as SCS subtype to identify innate subtypes, thus shedding light on the heterogeneity of recurrent tumor cells in breast cancer. The immunophenotypic analysis by scCITE-seq produces high-resolution immunoprofiles, including the identification of novel PD-L1/PD-L2+ macrophage populations associated with clinical outcomes. The spatial arrangement of the stromal immune microenvironment within tumors offers valuable insights into anti-tumor immune regulation (Stoeckius et al., 2017). Here, PDCD1LG2 is linked to neoplasm.