SPDEF and cancer: This notion is further supported by the results of SPDEF expression in RC77/T cells (Figure 5) and previous studies that demonstrate that the expression of SPDEF in several cancer cell lines, including prostate cancer (50, 51), decreased cell migration and invasion in part by limiting expression of EMT markers and promoting luminal differentiation (27), consistent with tumor metastasis suppressor role for SPDEF in prostate cancer as proposed previously (23, 24, 27).