In addition, mitochondrial vacuolization and reduced mitochondrial OXPHOS levels were also found in the myocardium of ARKO mice (92) and rats with obesity (60), further suggesting the vital role of androgens/AR signaling in mitochondrial morphology, given the strong connection between obesity and decreased androgens/AR levels in males. This evidence concerns the gene AR and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.