This article reviews research on the effects of thyroid hormones, immune antibody mechanisms such as TR-Ab, TPO-Ab, and Tg-Ab, the possible association between thyroid diseases and MMD disease genes, and treatment methods, and discusses the possible relationship between MMD and thyroid diseases with a view to providing a reference for the relevant mechanism and treatment of MMD with thyroid diseases (Figure 1). The gene discussed is TPO; the disease is thyroid gland disorder.