Shelburne et al. (2002) considered the decrease in HIV viral load from baseline or an increase in CD4+ T-cell count from baseline.24French et al. (2004) considered an increase in blood CD4+ T-cell count after cART as a minor criterion of IRIS.25These recommendations consider that decreasing HIV viral load rather than rising CD4+ T-cell counts might be a more sensitive finding of IRIS.13All PLWHA with PML-IRIS in this study were severely immunosuppressed, and their median CD4+ T-cell counts before cART and at PML-IRIS diagnosis were similar. The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.