RCS analysis showed that there was a linear relationship between MPV, ALB, NLR, d_NLR, PLR, SIRI, and LMR and NAFLD, whereas CRP, WBC, LYMPH, NEUT, MONO, SII, ALI, and CA showed a non-linear relationship with NAFLD (Supplementary Fig. 2). Here, ALB is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.