The concentration of the anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β was decreased (p < 0.001) in the COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 patients compared to healthy controls (Table S3), while that of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α was increased by four times in the female COVID-19 patients compared to the male patients at diagnosis (Figure 2D). Here, TGFB1 is linked to COVID-19.