For example, in non-pregnant women with acute pyelonephritis, the plasma concentrations of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8, TNF-α, and protein C reactive (CRP) [15,16,17] can reach from 2 to 75 times the concentrations in healthy pregnant and non-pregnant women [15,16,17]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and acute pyelonephritis.