INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: It reduced body weight by 40% in mice fed control and 25% in HFD mice. It reduced adipose tissue weights and plasma TG and improved glucose tolerance.Positive effects on adiposity, fecal fat content, plasm lipids, insulin, and leptin levels, especially MLE 60 and 500 mg/kg. Both concentrations of extract improved the metabolic perturbations caused by obesity.AE at 500 mg/kg downregulated hepatic PPAR-γ, SREBP-1c, and fetuin-A mRNA but upregulated PPAR-α mRNA in white adipose tissue; hypoglycemic effects could be associated with de novo expression of genes involved in lipogenesis