These included pressure overload (transverse aortic constriction—TAC, ascending aorta constriction—ACC) and systemic hypertensive models (Dahl-salt sensitive, SHR, SHHF, subjects infused with aldosterone or angiotensin II, or receiving DOCA pellets), type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus (STZ-treated rats or mice, and those with mutated leptin Lepob/ob [ob/ob] or receptor for leptin Leprdb [db/db]), as well as metabolic syndrome models (ZSF1 Obese). Here, LEP is linked to metabolic syndrome.