Activation of TLR4 causes a rise in NF-kB expression (TLR4/NF-kB pathway) and, as a result, a vast release of inflammatory cytokines and enzymes like IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, and COX-2 usually occurs, which have a major role in IBD [25,26]. The gene discussed is PTGS2; the disease is inflammatory bowel disease.