GREM1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In addition, genome-wide association studies have identified transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2), gremlin 1 (GREM1) and tumor protein p53 inducible nuclear protein 1 (TP53INP1), among other genes, as being pleiotropically related to T2DM as well as CRC prognosis and tumorigenesis [36].