The ECM is also involved in the secretion of various growth factors, like transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which are secreted by various cells of the TME and can initiate tumor cell growth, survival, migration, angiogenesis, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is neoplasm.