Many ALS genes are autophagy regulators, such as OPTN, SQSTM-1 and TBK-1; in addition, proteins encoded by the genes C9orf72, VCP, CHMP2B, VAPB, ALS2, and DCTN1 modulate vesicular trafficking and autophagosome assembly; therefore, they may affect autophagy [163]. The gene discussed is VCP; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.