Transcranial PBM appears to improve learning, memory, and neural progenitor cell function after traumatic brain injury in rodents; PBM irradiation for 7 consecutive days after photothrombosis induction in an ischemic stroke rat model reduced the infarct area and increased the expression of the neurogenesis and synaptic markers bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), Ki67, doublecortin, MAP2, spinophilin, and synaptophysin. Here, MKI67 is linked to injury.