Consistent with earlier reports on the role of the E3 ligases in regulating cardiac apoptosis, metabolism, hypertrophy, ischemia and diabetic cardiomyopathy [31,32,33,34], we found that the mRNA levels of the E3 ligase RNF167 were up-regulated in both Young and Adult db/db mice (Figure 9A). This evidence concerns the gene RNF167 and diabetic cardiomyopathy.