TNF and peripheral arterial disease: The proinflammatory cytokine, TNFα, inhibits the bone marrow and negatively affects the endothelial function [26], so it can be expected to be raised in patients with a low CD34+ count; however, we did not find a statistically significant correlation between the levels of TNFα and the number of CD34+ cells in our participants, nor did we find any studies researching similar relationships in patients with PAD.