Children (8–18 y) with type 1 diabetes had an impaired ability of HDL to exchange ApoA1 [46], a key process in the reverse cholesterol transport pathway that has been demonstrated to be associated with atherosclerosis [49] and positively correlated with ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1)-mediated CEC, independent of HDL-C and ApoA1 levels [50]. The gene discussed is APOA1; the disease is atherosclerosis.