TNF and infection: Necroptosis requires a necrosome with RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL pseudokinases, triggered by factors like the tumor necrosis factor (TNF), Fas, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor (TRAIL-R), Toll-like receptors (TLRs), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), infections, and drugs(see Figure 1) [25,27,29,30].