GSDMD and fatty liver disease: Palmitic acid-treated HepG2 (an in vitro model of fatty liver disease) significantly increased the expression of the characteristic markers of pyroptosis, including NLRP3, GSDMD/-N (activated form of GSDMD), caspase 1, p20 (activated form of caspase 1), IL-1β, and IL-18, while indirect co-cultivation with MSCs significantly reduced their expression and suppressed pyroptosis [247].