NOS dysfunction has been implicated in myocardial remodelling and heart failure [17,94], with early animal and human studies demonstrating that myocardial eNOS expression is decreased in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy [95], ischaemic cardiomyopathy [96], dilated cardiomyopathy [96,97], and diabetic cardiomyopathy [98]. The gene discussed is NOS3; the disease is heart failure.