INS and diabetes mellitus: In both animal models of experimentally-induced diabetes and patients with diabetes mellitus type 2, probiotics demonstrated beneficial anti-diabetic properties regarding the improvement of gut barrier function with decreased permeability and consecutive endotoxemia, stimulation of incretin secretion, increase of insulin sensitivity and amelioration of glucose and lipid profile, immunomodulatory function, maintaining the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress regulation [9].