TNF and COVID-19: Patients with COVID-19 show a complex immunoinflammatory response as a result of the host–virus interaction [46], and in severe patients, high serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including IL-2, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-17, G-CSF, GM-CSF, IP10, MCP1, MIP1α, and TNF-α, leading to host cell death, and organ injury was also observed [47,48,49].