ALK and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), such as crizotinib and alectinib, provide favorable clinical responses in human malignancies driven by ALK fusion proteins, including ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALK+ ALCL) and non-small cell lung carcinoma (ALK+ NSCLC).