We further considered the crucial role of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 in the adhesion of melanoma cells [17,38] and the increased VCAM-1 expression levels on IL-1β-stimulated pMBMECs compared to TNF-α stimulated pMBMECs as observed previously [22], and shown in Figure 1B,C. Here, VCAM1 is linked to melanoma.