Thus, it is imperative to carry out efficacy studies in TMPRSS2-ERG-driven and non-TMPRSS2-ERG-driven PCa preclinical animal models and examine the antitumor efficacy of aspirin against PCa development and progression (either dependent or independent of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion status) and further to assess whether NSAIDs other than aspirin can also confer similar protective effects against PCa. Here, TMPRSS2 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.