Being consistent with this, anti-PD-1/PD-L1/CTLA-4 treatments have demonstrated remarkable efficacy across various cancer types, encompassing non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) [27,28,29], melanoma [30,31], renal cell carcinoma [32,33], urologic cancer [34], and HCC [35,36]. Here, CTLA4 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.